Universality of Langevin Diffusion for Private Optimization, with Applications to Sampling from Rashomon Sets

In this paper we provide an algorithmic framework based on Langevin diffusion (LD) and its corresponding discretizations that allow us to simultaneously obtain: i) An algorithm for sampling from the exponential mechanism, whose privacy analysis does not depend on convexity, and which can be stopped at anytime without compromising privacy, and ii) tight uniform stability guarantees for the exponential mechanism. As a direct consequence, we obtain optimal excess empirical and population risk guarantees for (strongly) convex losses under both pure and approximate differential privacy (DP). The framework allows us to design a DP uniform sampler from a Rashomon set. Rashomon sets are widely used in interpretable and robust machine learning, understanding variable importance, and characterizing fairness.