Defining and Quantifying the Emergence of Sparse Concepts in DNNs

This paper aims to illustrate the concept-emerging phenomenon in a trained DNN. Specifically, we find that the inference score of a DNN can be disentangled into the effects of a few interactive concepts. These concepts can be understood as inference patterns in a sparse, symbolic graphical model, which explains the DNN. The faithfulness of using such a graphical model to explain the DNN is theoretically guaranteed, because we prove that the graphical model can well mimic the DNN's outputs on an exponential number of different masked samples. Besides, such a graphical model can be further simplified and re-written as an And-Or graph (AOG), without losing much explanation accuracy. The code is released at https://github.com/sjtu-xai-lab/aog.