Disentangling Biased Representations: A Causal Intervention Framework for Fairer NLP Models

AbstractNatural language processing (NLP) systems often inadvertently encode and amplify social biases through entangled representations of demographic attributes and task-related attributes. To mitigate this, we propose a novel framework that combines causal analysis with practical intervention strategies. The method leverages attribute-specific prompting to isolate sensitive attributes while applying information-theoretic constraints to minimize spurious correlations. Experiments across six language models and two classification tasks demonstrate its effectiveness. We hope this work will provide the NLP community with a causal disentanglement perspective for achieving fairness in NLP systems.