Literary Translations and Synthetic Data for Machine Translation of Low-resourced Middle Eastern Languages

AbstractMiddle Eastern languages represent a linguistically diverse landscape, yet few have received substantial attention in language and speech technology outside those with official status. Machine translation, a cornerstone application in computational linguistics, remains particularly underexplored for these predominantly non-standardized, spoken varieties. This paper proposes data alignment and augmentation techniques that leverage monolingual corpora and large language models to create high-quality parallel corpora for low-resource Middle Eastern languages. Through systematic fine-tuning of a pretrained machine translation model in a multilingual framework, our results demonstrate that corpus quality consistently outperforms quantity as a determinant of translation accuracy. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence that strategic data selection significantly enhances cross-lingual transfer in multilingual translation systems. These findings offer valuable insights for developing machine translation solutions in linguistically diverse, resource-constrained environments.