DGKAN: Dual-branch Graph Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Unsupervised Multimodal Change Detection

Abstract Multimodal change detection (MCD) has important applications in disaster assessment, but the nonlinear distortion of features and spatial misalignment caused by sensor imaging differences make it difficult to obtain changes through direct comparison. To overcome the above problems, this study aims to realize MCD by capturing the modality-independent structural commonality features between Multimodal Remote Sensing Images (MRSIs). To achieve this, we devise a basic Graph Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (GKAN) to excavate spatial structural relationships and cross-modal nonlinear mappings simultaneously. Based on this, we propose a Dual-branch GKAN (DGKAN) for unsupervised MCD, which can capture spatial-spectral structural commonality features and compare them directly to detect changes. Concretely, the GKAN is used within the DGKAN to build two autoencoders consisting of a Siamese encoder and two independent decoders to learn spatial-spectral structural commonality features through feature reconstruction. Besides, we introduce a Covariance Structural Commonality Loss (CSCL), which guides the network in extracting spatial-spectral structural commonality features between MRSIs by unsupervised constraints on the distributional consistency of cross-modal features. Experiments on several MCD datasets show that the proposed DGKAN can achieve convincing results, and ablation studies verify the effectiveness of the GKAN and CSCL.