Learning Through Concepts: Hierarchies, Logic and Reasoning

Abstract This thesis aims to bridge the gap between data-driven models and symbolic learning through the lens of Concept-Based Learning, a paradigm that guides model learning through high-level, human-understandable concepts. Here, models first learn a set of concepts, subsequently using them to perform a task of interest. Prior work on concept-based models has largely focused on relatively simple classification settings, where classes are linear combinations of pre-specified concepts; treating concepts largely as tools to increase interpretability, rather than as fundamental building blocks of the learning process itself. In contrast, this thesis explores the broader potential of concepts, as the core units of representation and reasoning in neural network models, capable of shaping how models learn and generalize.